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The experiences that higher education students have with technology and learning with the support of technological resources can generate feelings of stress and anxiety. Understanding whether or not students are ill-adapted to technology is of utmost importance to understand the extent to which changes are needed in the teaching and learning process. With this purpose, the students' perceptions about the technology, namely its familiarity, the ease of use, the utility of technological resources, levels of satisfaction with learning from remote learning, and levels of technostress during the confinement period due to the COVID-19 pandemic were evaluated. Several statistical methods were applied, including the multiple correspondence analysis and the k-means clustering algorithm, in order to obtain a partition of students based on their perceptions and experiences in the course of remote learning. The results revealed three distinct profiles concerning students' perceptions about their relationship with technology. Copyright © 2022, IGI Global.
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Leprosy is a pathology known to mankind for centuries. The clinical manifestations of leprosy depend on the patient's immune reaction against Mycobacterium leprae, ranging from small hypochromic lesions and hypoesthesia to progressive and diffuse infiltrations of the skin, involvement of upper airway mucosa and involvement of cutaneous as well as nerve trunks. In some cases, and especially during reactions there are several manifestations and signs and symptoms of systemic involvement. The objective of the present study was to analyse the incidence of leprosy and the epidemiological parameters in the period from 2011 to 2021, in the Northeast of Brazil. The Notifiable Diseases Information System-SINAN of Brazil was consulted and is being reported on the detected cases of leprosy. The various parameters being discussed in the present study include sociodemographic aspects, types of injuries, clinical form, treatment regimen, degree of disability and clinical evolution. We were all during a global pandemic in 2020-21. The 2020-21 global pandemic of COVID-19 compromised the monitoring and recording of several diseases, which were left in the background. This fact may have contributed to the drop in the number of leprosy cases registered between 2020 and 2021 in the present study. There were 168,848 reported cases, of which 55.57% were males 62.87% were multiracial, most with low education level, until primary education, 35.63% had multiple skin lesions, 68.51% received treatment for the multibacillary type of disease, 26.83% (24.468) had neuronal impairment and, 71.74%, were considered cured. Despite the drop in the global number of cases observed in the region, several factors are still worrying, these require actions that contribute to the eradication of leprosy in the region, and these include programs that eradicate poverty, implementation of health programs that favour early diagnosis and treatment of leprosy cases, reduction of stigma and social exclusion of affected patients.Copyright © Hind Kusht Nivaran Sangh, New Delhi.
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Introduction: Nasal swab tests have been widely used to diagnose and prevent the spread of pandemic coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and their use has increased considerably because in practice it has been a safe and well-tolerated test. However, there are some reports about some of its complications. Nasal swab tests have been widely used to diagnose and prevent the spread of pandemic coronavirus infection (COVID-19) and their use has increased considerably because in practice it has been a safe and well-tolerated test. However, there are some reports about some of its complications. This study aimed to describe an autochthonous case of cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leak after nasal testing for COVID-19 and review the adverse events that predispose to this complication, its therapeutic management, and recommend references to minimize its risks. Case report: A 35-year-old man had continuous watery right rhinorrhea on the 5th day after a nasal swab to determine COVID-19. Diagnostic suspicion of CSF leak was established 6 weeks after the onset of rhinorrhea, initially diagnosed as allergic rhinitis. Rhinoendoscopic and radiological findings were inconclusive for a skull base fistulous defect but revealed a fragile Ethmoidal roof. Lab tests (β-2 Transferrin) confirmed CSF in the nasal fluid. This last test was aligned with the diagnosis of a CSF leak possibly through a Cribriform plate fragile. After medical treatment CSF rhinorrhea progressively decreased and disappeared. During a 12-weeks follow-up period, no recurrent rhinorrhea was observed. Conclusion: A CSF leak can be a serious accidental complication after performing nasal swab testing for COVID-19. © 2022 Academia Nacional de Medicina. All rights reserved.
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COVID containment strategies, we all know, were implemented in the form of physical distancing, including total lockdowns. This made it difficult for people to adapt to the ʼnew normal’. Treatment or prevention of other diseases as morbid as COVID-19 has taken a back seat when compared with treatment of SARS COV-2. This happened even though these other non-COVID illnesses continue to cause high rates of morbidity and mortality in the population. COVID has had unprecedented repercussions on the mental health of the population at large. A study in China found that in the first 2 months of 2020, patients with COVID-19 suffered from anxiety, depression and other stress-related symptoms. The fear of contracting COVID whilst visiting the doctors for non-COVID ailments took precedence, and patients were therefore reluctant to visit their physicians, resulting in worsening of their pre-existing disorders. © 2023 Taylor and Francis.
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Introduction: Cannabis-induced psychotic disorder (CIPD) is defined by the development of psychotic symptoms during or briefly after intoxication with cannabis or withdrawal from cannabis. The social measures and restrictions implemented following the COVID-19 pandemic might have had an impact on cannabis availability, as suggested by patients from our clinical practice, reporting a shortage of the substance. Objective(s): To compare sociodemographic, clinical characteristics and admission rates of inpatient treatment for cannabis-induced psychotic disorder in COVID-19 pandemic period and prepandemic period. Method(s): Retrospective observational study of inpatient admissions for CIPD in a psychiatry inpatient unit of a tertiary hospital. The statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software, version 27.0. Result(s): Our sample included 120 inpatient admissions, corresponding to 80 patients. Compared to 2018 and 2019, in 2020 there was an overall reduction of 21.5% in inpatient admissions (n=618, 549 and 458, respectively). The number of admissions for CIPD in 2018, 2019, 2020 and 2021 up to september were, respectively, 29, 32, 10 and 31 (5.2%, 6.1%, 2.2% and 7.2% of respective annual admissions). We found no statistically significant differences regarding sociodemographic and clinical characteristics in patients admitted for CIPD during 2020. Conclusion(s): These results suggest a disproportionate reduction of inpatient admissions due to CIPD in 2020, followed by an expressive increase in the number of admissions in 2021up to september. This might be related to cannabis availability returning to regular levels. However other factors must be considered, such as the delay of treatment due to reduced accessibility to health care.
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The Covid-19 pandemic caused by the Sars-Cov-2 virus created challenges and stimulated development of new forms of treatment in many different areas of medicine. Studies have described the clinical characteristics of patients and their outcomes, including disorders affecting the coagulation system, in which patients infected by the virus enter a hypercoagulable and proinflammatory state that mimics vasculitis. The objective of this study was to describe the clinical status and the treatment administered to three patients who developed acute arterial occlusion after Covid-19 infection. The management adopted in these cases enabled the patients to recover without sequelae. The low incidence and scarcity of published reports make it difficult to establish universally accepted treatment criteria and options for cases of ischemia in patients infected with the novel coronavirus, whether presenting early or late. Copyright © 2022 The authors.
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Objetivo: comprender las rupturas biogr??ficas provocadas por la pandemia del COVID-19 en adolescentes y j??venes hombres trans y personas transmasculinas en el contexto de Brasil. M??todo: estudio cualitativo ??? encuesta en l??nea ??? multic??ntrico. Participaron 97 hombres trans y 22 personas transmasculinas autoidentificadas, que respondieron un formulario semiestructurado en dos etapas. Los datos se sometieron al An??lisis de Contenido Tem??tico Reflexivo. La interpretaci??n se realiz?? sobre una base sociol??gica a partir del concepto de ruptura biogr??fica. Resultados: surgieron cinco categor??as: interrupci??n de la terapia hormonal, cirug??as y seguimiento especializado;malestares precipitados por la interrupci??n de las caracter??sticas masculinas, autoimagen, autopercepci??n e identidad;vulnerabilidad por la p??rdida de familiares y seres queridos, empleo y debilitamiento de las redes de apoyo;aparici??n de problemas psicoemocionales, como la p??rdida del sentido de la vida;demandas de atenci??n de enfermer??a y valoraci??n de la vida de adolescentes y j??venes transexuales en el pospandemia. Conclusi??n: las rupturas biogr??ficas provocadas por la pandemia amenazaron las identidades de los hombres trans y personas transmasculinas adolescentes y j??venes, produjeron degradaci??n y discontinuidad de las biograf??as, llev??ndolas a perder el sentido de la vida. Los profesionales de enfermer??a pueden ser estrat??gicos e imprescindibles en la superaci??n de estas amenazas al promover una intervenci??n anticipada.
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Objective: to analyze racial biases in the context of morbidity and mortality due to COVID-19 of Brazilian pregnant women from an intersectional perspective. Method: an ecological, documental study using epidemiological bulletins intended to monitor the novel coronavirus in Brazil. Data were collected in March and April 2021 and analyzed using descriptive statistics mediated by the intersectional theory-based methodology. Results: Afro-descendant pregnant women presented an average prevalence rate of 65.18% hospitalizations and 70.85% deaths due to COVID-19 in 2020. On the other hand, the average prevalence rate of hospitalizations and deaths among Caucasian pregnant women was 32.32% and 27.23%, respectively. Conclusion: A greater difficulty to access prenatal care, a high prevalence rate of comorbidities, poor working conditions and impossibility to leave work during the pandemic, institutional racism, and necropolitics adopted by the Brazilian government are potential explanations for the vulnerable context faced by this population © All Rights Reserved.
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Objective: to analyze the Mental Health Literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil in the COVID-19 pandemic context. Method: a qualitative study conducted with 87 men by means of an asynchronous online survey. The data were processed in the NVIVO12 (R) software, structured with the Collective Subject Discourse method and analyzed through Anthony Jorm's theoretical concept of Mental Health Literacy. Results: six central ideas emerged from the analysis of a synthesis discourse on the components of the Mental Health Literacy, namely: Ability to recognize specific disorders or different types of psychological distress;Knowledge and beliefs about risk factors and causes;Knowledge and beliefs about self-help interventions;Knowledge and beliefs about available professional help;Attitudes that facilitate recognition and the search for adequate help;and Knowledge on how to seek information on mental health. Conclusion: there are differences in the mental health literacy of young and aged men living in Brazil during the COVID-19 pandemic. Aged men were more competent for mental health care management and protection than young men, in relation to the Mental Health Literacy levels.
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Background: The COVID-19 pandemic has been followed by the shutting down of bars and liquor shops. This condition has led to the acute unavailability of alcohol, and subsequently increasing the number of cases of alcohol withdrawal. Objectives: This paper reports the clinical profile of cases of alcohol withdrawal presented to the psychiatry department following the non-availability of alcohol due to the COVID-19 lockdown. Methods: The patients were referred to the psychiatry department from the emergency medicine department and some of them directly to the psychiatry department. Thirty-two patients with alcohol use disorder and alcohol withdrawal were included in the study. The study data were collected using a semi-structured proforma and then were tabulated. The obtained data were assessed by the Chi-square test and unpaired t-test where appropriate. Results: The Mean±SD age of the study patients were 38.84±11.64 years. The Mean±SD years of consumption of alcohol was 13.50±7.8 years in the sample (range 1-30 years) and Mean±SD days of last consumption of alcohol was 3.88±1.8 days (range 2-10 days). There were no significant differences between stockers and non-stockers in various parameters. Conclusion: Alcohol and substance withdrawal have increased in the wake of the lockdown and COVID-19 pandemic and there is a need for non-COVID-19 setups to be created to cater to the needs of these patients.
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The coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) is a pathogen that causes severe acute respiratory syndrome in humans (COVID-19). Its outbreak has engulfed the world suddenly, leading to a global pandemic crisis. This review article was designed to evaluate the existing evidence and experience related to an already-approved pharmacologic agent called remdesivir. PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and SCIELO databases were used to search for word-combinations, such as “COVID-19 AND Remdesivir” or “SARS-CoV-2 AND Remdesivir”. Four reviewers independently searched results and ed data from selected studies up to March 21. Remdesivir has been shown to inhibit SARS-CoV-2, in vitro and in vivo, with therapeutic potential in treating patients hospitalized with COVID-19. However, it has been associated with the development of adverse effects. © 2022, Conselho Federal de Medicina. All rights reserved.
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The COVID-19 pandemic impacted the whole world, affecting the econ-omy of many societies, increasing poverty and inequalities. The lockdown measures heavily affected vulnerable social groups, including persons affected by Hansen’s disease (PaHd) and their families. Stigma, late diagnosis and related disability make PaHd a population in a situation of vulnerability. Poor sanitary and socio-economic conditions, lower levels of education and food insecurity are risk markers for Hansen’s disease. Before COVID-19, PaHd were refused employment or lost their jobs due to physical impairment or discrimination. Job losses worldwide are hitting hardest on poor and vulnerable populations, therefore pushing millions of people to extreme poverty. Hansen’s disease, also known as leprosy, is only endemic in the poorest areas of the world. Although specific data regarding PaHd are scarce, we traced a parallel between the impact of the current pandemic on the labour market on various excluded and marginalized populations, such as persons with disabilities and PaHd. Our objective was to understand the current scenario and also to gather strategies and good practices to guarantee and promote the right to work as an instrument of inclusion and social advancement, to break the cycle of poverty for PaHd. © The author(s).
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Coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has already infected more than 20 million people worldwide and is responsible for more than 744,000 deaths. A major problem faced in the diagnosis of COVID-19 is the inefficiency and scarcity of medical tests. The use of computed tomography (CT) has shown promise in the evaluation of patients with suspected COVID-19 infection. The analysis of the CT examination is complex and requires the effort of a specialist, which can lead to diagnostic errors. The use of CAD systems can minimize the problems generated by the analysis of CTs by specialists. This article presents a methodology for diagnosing COVID-19 using a trainable resource extractor using CNN and multiple classifiers. First, the quality of the images was improved using histogram equalization and CLAHE. Then, a basic CNN is used to extract resources from 708 CTs, 312 with COVID-19, and 396 Non-COVID-19. After the extracted data, we used multiple classifiers for classification in COVID-19 and Non-COVID-19. The results show an accuracy of 97.88%, recall of 97.77%, the precision of 97.94%, F-score of 0.978, AUC of 0.977, and kappa index of 0.957. The results obtained show that the proposed methodology can be used as a CAD system to aid in the diagnosis of COVID-19.
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Data collection was carried out by means of documentary research, based on data made available on the internet, on YouTube videos, reports and texts in magazines, as indicated by Venturini (2012), for cartography with digital data. Tendo como epicentro a cidade de Wuhan, na China, o que aparentemente se tratava de casos pontuais havia se transformado em uma séria epidemia no territorio chines, tornando necessário o fechamento das atividades do mercado de frutos do mar de Wuhan, acreditando-se que os animais ali contidos poderiam ser a origem do virus (Kucharski et al., 2020;Williams, 2020). Em 30 de janeiro, cerca de um mes após a China identificar o virus e tornar pública a sua situaçao, a OMS declarou que o surto da doença causada pelo novo coronavirus (COVID-19, do ingles Coronavirus Disease 2019) constituia uma Emergencia de Saúde Pública de Importancia Internacional (OMS, 2020;Kucharski et al., 2020). Por fim, na seçao 5, as consideraçöes finais, limitaçöes e futuras pesquisas. 2REFERENCIAL TEÓRICO 2.1A Construçao de Problemas Públicos O debate construtivista sobre problemas públicos, presente na década de 1970 e 1980, foi ressignificado nas pesquisas sobre arenas públicas e construçao de problemas públicos, especialmente, em Cefai' (2009;2017a;2017b), que procurou inspiraçöes no filósofo John Dewey.
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Solid information on exposure and how to treat COVID-19 in pediatric patients is not yet conclusive in the literature, because of this it is necessary to make a critical analysis of the available data in order to provide common points on the theme in question. This systematic review protocol is registered in PROSPERO (ID: CRD42020181835) and aims through searches in the Databases PubMed, Google Scholar, LILACS and CINAHL, to group the studies published with the theme COVID-19 and pediatric between 2019 and 2020. The MeSH descriptors: COVID-19, child and children will be used in English and Chinese. Observational research, clinical trials and literature reviews will be included, where the study sample was composed of pediatric patients of both sexes aged between 6 and 17 years. The Rayyan QCRI tool® will be used to manage revision data. The analysis of the feasibilities of observational studies will be done by the Loney scale, clinical trials by the Cocharne scale and review studies by the Overview Quality Assessment Questionnaire (OQAQ). The authors intend that the study is completed in the second semester of 2021. The choice of the theme is justified because the results of the future research are useful for the elaboration of public health measures that offer the promotion of effective treatment during the recovery of pediatric patients infected with COVID-19.
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Issue Lack of preparedness for mass gatherings and their possible impact on public health at the local and national level Description of the Problem Due to an outbreak in a Mass Gathering (MG), that took place in the northern region in 2018, the Public Health Unit (PHU) of Alto Tâmega and Barroso's, in collaboration with the Northern Region Public Health Department and the local government of Montalegre, implemented a risk assessment tool to new MGs, to mitigate the identified risks. Although Montalegre's MGs have considerable importance to the region's local economy, they are also high-risk events, to local and international health, due to the high number of foreigners on those events and the proximity to the Spanish border. Results The first in the field collaboration was the Forest Soul Gathering, a biennial transformational festival, held from 17th-21st of July 2019, with more than 1000 participants, from more than 20 countries. The collaboration with the local government continued throughout the year with several work meetings on Mass Gatherings and risk management. On Friday 6th, 2020, the PHU provided a risk assessment to the local government on the event Friday 13th (40.000 participants) and classified that risk as major due to the COVID-19 epidemic. In the local civil defense meeting, it was decided unanimously to cancel the event, taking into account the risk assessment of the PHU. Lessons There has been an increase in MG's in Portugal. This requires straight collaboration with the organization, health sector, and local authorities, to mitigate the risks of each event. This can be an example of how to go from theory to practice, in public health risk prevention, and institutional cooperation, being one of the first of its kind in Portugal. In the end, it allowed a fast response to the threat of COVID-19 and public health protection of the community of Montalegre. Key messages Proper preparation with partners to a public health emergency is vital to contain an outbreak. Local public health departments need to implement their emergency protocols and risk assessment procedures before a public health emergency.
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Objective: To understand mental health impacts on nursing professionals in the face of interactions with the novel COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: This is a qualitative cut, from the macrosearch "Estudo VidaMenta/Covid-19", carried out with 719 nursing professionals residing in Brazil. Data collection was performed in a virtual environment using the snowball technique. For methodological analysis , the Discourse of the Collective Subject was used and for theoretical and philosophical interpretation, Symbolic Interactionism elements were used. Results: The collective discourse showed that nursing professionals' mental health was affected by: Interactions with the 'new' with the elaboration of meanings attributed to the pandemic;interactions with nursing care related to patient care;interactions with work demarcated by professional and institutional relationships. Conclusion: The fi ndings confi rm that there are impacts on nursing professionals' mental health in the COVID-19 pandemic context that manifest themselves through the interaction with the 'new'. In this interaction, they bring the advent of 'pandemic nursing care', permeated by specifi cities that have emerged and presents a possibility of changing the paradigm for nursing training guidelines, in technological advances in teaching and learning and in professional practice. © 2021 Departamento de Enfermagem/Universidade Federal de Sao Paulo. All rights reserved.